Roman Army - revision questions
Revision Questions (pp. 1-28)
1. What two kinds of soldiers were there in the Roman army?
2. How many men on average made up a Roman Legion?
3. Where did Archers come from?
4. Between what ages did most soldiers sign up?
5. What three promises did soldiers make when they made their solemn oath?
6. What were numerii?
7. What two big wars did Trajan fight?
8. Name the different parts of a Roman legionary’s uniform.
9. What three jobs might legionaries have had other than being fighting men?
10. What were the two key reasons for Roman military success?
11. What three things did soldiers do in the mornings?
12. Describe what sort of training the legionary soldiers did.
13. Who were Mensores?
14. What was a groma?
15. What is the difference between the terms: a camp and a fort?
16. Suitable forts were strategically constructed near what?
17. Who was the Roman Emperor who had a wall built between northern England and Scotland from 122 – 128 A.D.?
18. Up to how many men could a fort accommodate?
19. From what materials were forts built?
20. What different buildings could be found within?
21. Who lived in the barrack blocks?
22. What items of equipment did Roman soldiers need while on active service?
23. What did a soldier sleep on at night?
24. Where was the Headquarters positioned in a fort, and who worked there?
25. What was the main advantage to the army of building roads?
26. What evidence is there to suggest that auxiliary soldiers may have walked home from active service?
27. What are aquaducts, and what was their function?
28. How did each group of road-builders mark their work?
29. What were the main duties of:
i) clerks?
ii) musicians?
iii) medical officers?
30. What were cornua?
31. On whose practice did the Romans base much of their medicine?
32. Name six surgical instruments used by medical officers.
33. Name six specialist appointments within a legion.
34. How did soldiers transport their baggage?
35. What were the main secrets to Roman military success?
Revision Questions (pp. 28-32)
1. What were numerii, and what were they used for?
2. How were numerii organized and divided?
3. What were their officers known as?
4. What was the one main drawback to the auxiliary cavalry?
5. What were auxiliary cavalry most useful for?
6. How many squadrons were there in an ala of 500 men?
7. Who commanded each troop?
8. What does the Latin term Ala Milliaria mean?
9. What did cavalry soldiers wear?
10. What weaponry did they carry?
11. What was the main job of cavalry in peace times?
12. List some of their duties.
13. What was the Latin name for a Roman legionary?
14. What slang name was given to a common soldier, and why?
15. What was the smallest group in a Roman legion called and how many men were in it?
16. What were ‘fatigues’?
17. How many men made up a century by Trajan’s time?
18. Who were immunes?
19. Name the four types of standard bearers.
20. What were the junior officers of a legion called, and what was their chief responsibility?
21. What does the Latin word tessera mean, and what was written on it?
22. How could a clerk become a senior officer?
23. How many standard bearers (approx.) were there in a legion?
24. What was the Latin word for an eagle?
25. What was sculpted on standards?
26. What did the Aquilifer wear?
27. What other important job was done by the standard bearers?
Revision Questions (pp. 33-36)
1. A legion was made up of about how many men?
2. How many cohorts were there in a legion?
3. In what two ways did the First Cohort differ to the others?
4. What does primus pilus mean in English and what was his role?
5. Why were centurions moved about a lot?
6. What was the name for the five senior centurions of a legion?
7. What sort of jobs did centurions do? What was their most important job?
8. What did the senior centurions do before each big battle?
9. What sort of man was chosen to be a centurion?
10. Who was Baculus and why was he famous?
11. Why did centurions carry vinewood staffs?
12. What does Cedo Alteram mean, and who said it and why?
13. What sort of punishments did Roman soldiers receive for: a) minor faults b) big mistakes?
14. What was ‘decimation’ and for what reason was it used?
15. What was the rank above chief centurion (Latin name)?
16. What were the responsibilities of the camp prefect?
17. How many military tribunes were there per legion, and from what kind of backgrounds did they come?
18. About what age was an equestrian military tribune and how was he different to the other tribunes?
19. Why were military tribunes not given definite duties?
20. What kind of man was the sixth military tribune?
21. How did Pliny spend his time as a military tribune?
22. Who were legates chosen by?
23. What terrible mistake was made in 9 A.D. by Augustus?
24. Sum up the importance of a Roman centurion in your own words.
Revision Questions (pp. 36 - ?)
1. What did soldiers generally eat and drink for their main meal?
2. In Germany and Britain where did the soldiers mostly go when they were off-duty?
3. Name three deductions that were taken from a soldier’s gross pay.
4. Who looked after the legion’s savings bank?
5. What did a new emperor always do?
6. What was the advantage of holding a special job?
7. How much were the following paid under the emperor Trajan:
a) centurions
b) primi ordines
c) primus pilus
8. What was salarium and why was it important?
9. Where did the families of soldiers (those who got married) have to live?
10. What happened to them if their husband / father died in battle?
11. When was a marriage made legal if a Roman soldier married a non-Roman citizen?
12. How would his sons be made legal?
13. What does the word castris mean?
14. For how long did auxiliary soldiers have to serve before they were made Roman citizens?
15. What were legionaries given when they left the army?
16. Why did old soldiers sometimes mutiny?
17. What was a colonia, and how many were there in England?
18. Why did centurions and higher officers have better chances of doing well after they left?
19. For which Roman god was a big parade held annually?
1. What two kinds of soldiers were there in the Roman army?
2. How many men on average made up a Roman Legion?
3. Where did Archers come from?
4. Between what ages did most soldiers sign up?
5. What three promises did soldiers make when they made their solemn oath?
6. What were numerii?
7. What two big wars did Trajan fight?
8. Name the different parts of a Roman legionary’s uniform.
9. What three jobs might legionaries have had other than being fighting men?
10. What were the two key reasons for Roman military success?
11. What three things did soldiers do in the mornings?
12. Describe what sort of training the legionary soldiers did.
13. Who were Mensores?
14. What was a groma?
15. What is the difference between the terms: a camp and a fort?
16. Suitable forts were strategically constructed near what?
17. Who was the Roman Emperor who had a wall built between northern England and Scotland from 122 – 128 A.D.?
18. Up to how many men could a fort accommodate?
19. From what materials were forts built?
20. What different buildings could be found within?
21. Who lived in the barrack blocks?
22. What items of equipment did Roman soldiers need while on active service?
23. What did a soldier sleep on at night?
24. Where was the Headquarters positioned in a fort, and who worked there?
25. What was the main advantage to the army of building roads?
26. What evidence is there to suggest that auxiliary soldiers may have walked home from active service?
27. What are aquaducts, and what was their function?
28. How did each group of road-builders mark their work?
29. What were the main duties of:
i) clerks?
ii) musicians?
iii) medical officers?
30. What were cornua?
31. On whose practice did the Romans base much of their medicine?
32. Name six surgical instruments used by medical officers.
33. Name six specialist appointments within a legion.
34. How did soldiers transport their baggage?
35. What were the main secrets to Roman military success?
Revision Questions (pp. 28-32)
1. What were numerii, and what were they used for?
2. How were numerii organized and divided?
3. What were their officers known as?
4. What was the one main drawback to the auxiliary cavalry?
5. What were auxiliary cavalry most useful for?
6. How many squadrons were there in an ala of 500 men?
7. Who commanded each troop?
8. What does the Latin term Ala Milliaria mean?
9. What did cavalry soldiers wear?
10. What weaponry did they carry?
11. What was the main job of cavalry in peace times?
12. List some of their duties.
13. What was the Latin name for a Roman legionary?
14. What slang name was given to a common soldier, and why?
15. What was the smallest group in a Roman legion called and how many men were in it?
16. What were ‘fatigues’?
17. How many men made up a century by Trajan’s time?
18. Who were immunes?
19. Name the four types of standard bearers.
20. What were the junior officers of a legion called, and what was their chief responsibility?
21. What does the Latin word tessera mean, and what was written on it?
22. How could a clerk become a senior officer?
23. How many standard bearers (approx.) were there in a legion?
24. What was the Latin word for an eagle?
25. What was sculpted on standards?
26. What did the Aquilifer wear?
27. What other important job was done by the standard bearers?
Revision Questions (pp. 33-36)
1. A legion was made up of about how many men?
2. How many cohorts were there in a legion?
3. In what two ways did the First Cohort differ to the others?
4. What does primus pilus mean in English and what was his role?
5. Why were centurions moved about a lot?
6. What was the name for the five senior centurions of a legion?
7. What sort of jobs did centurions do? What was their most important job?
8. What did the senior centurions do before each big battle?
9. What sort of man was chosen to be a centurion?
10. Who was Baculus and why was he famous?
11. Why did centurions carry vinewood staffs?
12. What does Cedo Alteram mean, and who said it and why?
13. What sort of punishments did Roman soldiers receive for: a) minor faults b) big mistakes?
14. What was ‘decimation’ and for what reason was it used?
15. What was the rank above chief centurion (Latin name)?
16. What were the responsibilities of the camp prefect?
17. How many military tribunes were there per legion, and from what kind of backgrounds did they come?
18. About what age was an equestrian military tribune and how was he different to the other tribunes?
19. Why were military tribunes not given definite duties?
20. What kind of man was the sixth military tribune?
21. How did Pliny spend his time as a military tribune?
22. Who were legates chosen by?
23. What terrible mistake was made in 9 A.D. by Augustus?
24. Sum up the importance of a Roman centurion in your own words.
Revision Questions (pp. 36 - ?)
1. What did soldiers generally eat and drink for their main meal?
2. In Germany and Britain where did the soldiers mostly go when they were off-duty?
3. Name three deductions that were taken from a soldier’s gross pay.
4. Who looked after the legion’s savings bank?
5. What did a new emperor always do?
6. What was the advantage of holding a special job?
7. How much were the following paid under the emperor Trajan:
a) centurions
b) primi ordines
c) primus pilus
8. What was salarium and why was it important?
9. Where did the families of soldiers (those who got married) have to live?
10. What happened to them if their husband / father died in battle?
11. When was a marriage made legal if a Roman soldier married a non-Roman citizen?
12. How would his sons be made legal?
13. What does the word castris mean?
14. For how long did auxiliary soldiers have to serve before they were made Roman citizens?
15. What were legionaries given when they left the army?
16. Why did old soldiers sometimes mutiny?
17. What was a colonia, and how many were there in England?
18. Why did centurions and higher officers have better chances of doing well after they left?
19. For which Roman god was a big parade held annually?